Present perfect:
had taken a direct role in the talks.
In some cases, the overall result can be what’s called “backfire”: more energy use than would have occurred without the improved efficiency
Present perfect passive:
The opening night for “Spider-Man” has already been delayed five times; the current opening date, March 15, seems all but certain to fall, since by Monday night theater critics had not been invited to review it.
who has been away for much of the show’s preview period, had taken a direct role in the talks.
Energy-efficiency standards have been embraced by politicians of both parties as one of the easiest ways to combat global warming.
Past simple passive:
which was marred by serious injuries to two actors during performances in December.